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Extended Work
Dakota Diary - Chapter 7
By jean.day
08 October 2008

Hopefully there will be fewer spags from now on. I have finished the rough writing, and am now going through trying to iron out the awkward bits.


Chapter 7. Back in Chicago and en route to Omaha

June 2-6, 1883

By the evening of June 2nd we were back in Chicago and staying at the Grand Hotel again. We were pleased to find that our friend Mr. Lester was also still there, and we decided to go with him to the Chicago Railway Exhibition the next day.

It was billed as the first elevated electric railway in the world making a trial run.

We knew about New York City’s elevated railway which began service in the early 1870s, running in Manhattan on Ninth Avenue and Greenwich Street. It was America's first elevated railroad, but it was steam-powered. Steam locomotives put out prodigious amounts of smoke and soot -- hardly what you'd want to be adding to the already-dirty air of a teeming metropolis. And they were plenty noisy, too.

German inventor and industrialist Werner Siemens built a short, small-scale electric railway at the 1879 Berlin Industrial Exhibition. Using the new invention of a third rail to feed power to an electric locomotive, it carried up to 30 passengers at a time at about 4 mph along a line merely 600 yards long.

Thomas Edison and Stephen D. Field started the Electric Railway Company in the spring of 1883 with a capital of $2 million. They aimed to dazzle the crowds at the Chicago Railway Exposition, and they did. They built a narrow-gauge 3-foot-wide track in the gallery around the edge of the main exhibition building, with tight curves at each end of the 1,552-foot track -- less than one-third of a mile long.

The locomotive weighs 3 tons and is 12 feet long by 5 feet wide. It draws current by rubbing a wire brush on each side of an electrified, central third rail. The 15-horsepower locomotive pulls a passenger car at a stately 9 mph. We had a ride, and it was great fun.

Having sent off our two articles about the Wild West Show to Mr. Bennett, I decided to do another one, on the elevated railway ride. And I would do a very good description of our wonderful hotel, to thank the manager for our free stay there.

After our short ride on the railway, Mr. Lester surprised us. “Would you girls consider going on with me as far as Omaha, and then taking the riverboat up to Bismarck from there?”

We had planned on setting off for La Crosse the next day, but as we had given our relatives no firm date for our arrival, we could just as well visit them on the return trip. And we had been tempted to do a river boat trip anyway, by Buffalo Bill so we agreed.

Mr. Lester told us, “We have a choice of three routes by which to reach the Union Pacific Railroad at Omaha. These routes are by railroads forming continuous lines across the states of Illinois and Iowa, namely, the ‘North-Western,’ the ‘Burlington and Quincy,’ and the ‘Rock Island.’ There are no grounds for preference of any of the three, so far as I know, as they all convey the passenger to their common terminus in equal time and equal comfort. By agreement between their managers, the profits of ‘through’ business are divided proportionately, and they do not compete against each other, but are combined against the more southerly routes on which passengers are conveyed by way of St. Louis. The ‘North-Western’ crosses the Mississippi at Clinton; the ‘Rock Island’ at the city of Rock Island; and the ‘Burlington and Quincy’ at Burlington.”

Mr. Lester made the decision for us, as he said he had a desire to see that section of Iowa along the line of the ‘North-Western,’ I wrote up my article, and paid to have it sent off to Paris by the first mail on Monday morning, as I had done with the previous articles. I put in a note asking Mr. Bennett, if he was going to pay us for the articles, to send the money to Bismarck, in care of Colonel Lounsberry.

We left on the night express train on Saturday evening, June 3rd, at 9.45. We each found a clean and comfortable sleeping berth ready for our occupancy, and giving the porter directions to call us when we reached the Mississippi River, we went to bed, and were soon fast asleep.

The day was just breaking in the east when I looked out of the car-window. We soon reached Fulton, and crossed the river to Clinton. Mr. Lester started explaining, "The Mississippi Bridge is in two sections, an island about the center of the river dividing it. The first section is of iron, the last of wood, and both together more than a mile in length. This point is about 2,000 miles from the mouth of the river, which is navigable for more than 400 miles farther North.”

I knew that if we taken the train north to Minneapolis, that is where we would be crossing the Mississippi.

From Clinton to Mount Vernon we passed through what Mr. Lester described as the ‘garden of Iowa.’ The comfortable brick and frame houses, the well-built barns, the fences, the sleek cattle, all spoke of  thrift and wealth. Here the land is rolling, well watered, and as productive as on the prairies of Illinois. They say here, that when a farmer gets his lands paid for, and a little ahead, he builds a brick house.

Mr. Lester said that he felt this section was the fairest he has seen during the journey. It reminded him of the country seen in passing from Liverpool to London.

Cedar Rapids, a large town on Cedar River, was a busy place, where the rapids provide good facilities for water-power. Leaving it, we reached again prairie-lands, and we passed for 200 miles through a purely agricultural region in which wheat was growing finely and the farmers were busily planting their corn. At one place there were more than 100,000 bushels of the surplus of the previous year’s crop of corn piled in temporary cribs along the line of the railroad to be shipped East.

Mr. Lester told us that Marshall, a town of some importance, 289 miles west of Chicago, was the terminus of the road until the Union Pacific was begun. From here to Council Bluffs we passed through prairies where plough has never been, and with only here and there a dwelling. Along the old stage-road you see the ‘schooners,’ as they call the emigrant wagons, wending their way West.

Mr. Lester said, "The classes which adopt this style of ‘moving West’ include large numbers who, used to free roving in pursuit of deer, squirrels, and other game, now complain that the middle states are becoming ‘too thickly settled’ for them. Others are offshoots of thrifty families, now turning pioneers as their fathers were before them. The liberal policy of the Government in giving farms to actual settlers tempts them to abandon the older settlements, where the increase of population renders it impossible for every one to have a hundred or more acres of land of his own."

Soon we would be disembarking and starting on the next stage of our adventure, without the protection and wisdom of Mr. Lester. But  before our train let us down at Omaha, as we might have expected, Mr. Lester had some information for us about this town too.

“Omaha is situated about 50 feet above the river at high water mark, and contains a population of over 17,000. It was the first capital of the state, as it was indeed the first settlement made in the territory.

"A few squatters were here in 1854, one of whom some time in that year was appointed postmaster, and immediately opened an office ‘in the crown of his hat.’ The town began to spread in 1859; and the commencement of the Union Pacific gave it fresh means for increase, and day by day it grew at wonderful speed. Stores and houses, hotels and ‘saloons,’ were erected; and a few months saw the straggling settlement a busy city, overcrowded with adventurers."

The streets of Omaha are broad, and laid out at right angles and the ground rises from the river in such pretty undulations. Then suddenly, out of the beautiful summer day, a storm came up. We were glad we were still in the train.

Mr. Lester said, “They have here such thunder and lightning as we are not accustomed to at home. One morning when I was here before, I was awakened by deafening thunder, and a more marvellous display of lightning flashes than I had before seen. Not in one part of the heavens, but from horizon to zenith, it was one lurid flame. The rain poured in torrents for more than an hour, and streets and squares were flooded. I thought it a great storm; but the clerk of the hotel called it only a ‘baby-shower,’ and assured me that I ought to be here sometimes to know what a thundershower is.”

Luckily our storm petered out before the train pulled into the station. We were given one last piece of information as we crossed the bridge.

“This iron bridge which the Union Pacific Company has built over the Missouri River, between Council Bluffs and Omaha, is regarded as one of the finest in the world.”

We would be able to compare it to the one we would be writing about in Bismarck.

Mr. Lester said he would break his journey here for one night to make sure we got on the riverboat without incident. I think he really did take his care of us to an extreme, but we were pleased to have his company for one more night.

When we disembarked from the train we followed. Mr. Lester into the Paxton Hotel, on Fourteenth and Farnam, which he told us was built in 1882, to replace one destroyed in a fire, and named in honor of William A. Paxton who had donated five thousand dollars to add a fifth story to the structure.

“The building,” we were told, “contains 175 rooms, including an elegant dining room and a bar. It is owned by one of the Kitchen Brothers, who between the three of them seemed to own half the hotels in the West.”

We heard, as we knew we would, more about Omaha’s history as we had our meal that night in the dining room.

“As the weather determined, streets in 1871 were either muddy or dusty. Planking formed the only sidewalks. Every block had its saloon, never closed. Thirteen faro banks, several keno games and numerous poker rooms ran every day and night.”

“It sounds like it was a pretty rough place,” said Cora Sue.

“A new invasion of grasshoppers at the start of the 1870's had brought a stream of wretched, beaten settlers into the city. Obviously, these bitter, disillusioned victims could not be controlled effectively in a town where liquor and gambling ran rampant - especially by a police force comprising only 12 men!

“Four of the 12 were on duty at night, when a policeman walking his beat was strictly on his own. The police station was two blocks  from here. There were no patrol wagons, and the cop on the beat had only his nightstick and a shrill whistle.

“To get drunks and other disturbers carted off to jail, the best he could do was to give a blast on the whistle and commandeer an express or delivery wagon - if one could be found. If not, his only choice was to drag his prisoner in bodily.

“Policemen were supposed to work 12 hours, but on quiet nights they often slipped away about midnight to go to dances at the old Bohemian Hall on South Thirteenth Street. It was during this period of the 12-man force that shootings, robberies and assaults became so out of hand.”

“I'm assuming that it is better now,” I put in. Mr. Lester smiled but didn't allow me to break his chain of thought.

“Votes were openly bought for $1 and up. The voter was escorted to the polling place and personally aided to make sure he deposited the correct ballot.”

All in all, Omaha didn’t seem a very attractive place to us, and we were glad only to be staying the one night. We couldn't wait for our adventure on the steamboat to begin.
I was beginning to get a bit nervous about our expenditure. I hoped Mr. Bennett would pay us for those three articles, and send the money to Bismarck. We had spent $7 each for the train on this extra journey, plus $2.50 for the sleeper, and although Mr. Lester bought us our food, it still comes to another $16.25. That means that over $75 of our $300  has already been spent in just the first week, and who knows what our costs will be for the riverboat trip coming up
.

Reviews

Written by bluecity (432 comments posted) 9th October 2008
Ah, the expense of it all, Jean! Young Mattie was a prudent little thing! And to think of what we spend on our holidays now!  
 
I wasn't aware of any spags at all. You have obviously proofread very carefully indeed. 
 
Storms in Central USA can be foul. We got stuck in one as we were leaving Yellowstone Park in 2004 and we really couldn't move for about an hour.  
 
The Wild West really was wild, wasn't it? The way you write it, I suspect that all the undersirables who couldn't make it out East went West. I think that was the truth, wasn't it? 
 
Another well-researched chapter, Jean. 
 
Rosemary

Written by petmarj (110 comments posted) 9th October 2008
As usual, your research is first class and the section on the electrical elevated railways has you wondering how Thomas Edison and Stephen D Field could amass $2 million way back in 1883 to set up the Electric Railway Company. That was an enormous amount for those days.  
Then came the trip west - Iowa, then Omaha. 
And a police force of twelve men against a booze-sodden township. Seems similar to today - in places. 
Looking forward to the riverboat trip to Bismarck. 
Solid chapter. 
Peter.
Thanks Rosemary and Peter
Written by jean.day (2386 comments posted) 10th October 2008
for being such loyal readers. I really thought this chapter was the most boring of the bunch - but for the continuity of the diary, I had to put in something in.  
 
I used to love the storms in America - and would get up at night to watch. Nothing at all like the ones in England. 
 
Yes, the west was still very wild - even in the little towns but to be honest, I used some of Mr. Lester's book again in this chapter - and he it 10 years earlier. I don't know if there were still people in prarie schooners in 1883 - as I described them, via him. But probably.  
 
Most of those who went west were foreigners. I went through the census of Bismarck for this book - looking at where people were born - and there was hardly one that was a second generation American, and at least half were born in Europe. I think when they emigrated they came right to the midwest - for the free land - and those who started out in the East would not have been very welcome - so would have moved west as soon as they could.

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